氦气被列为美国关键矿产
推荐指数 45.0 NO. 021 · 2026.10.27
发布2026/10/26Score140Comments69
简介
美国正式将氦气列入关键材料清单，氦气是半导体制造、量子计算低温系统和MRI设备冷却的核心资源。全球氦气供应高度集中（美国、卡塔尔、俄罗斯），地缘风险正在推高AI基础设施的隐性成本。
编辑判断
氦气对AI从业者是个被忽视的硬约束。训练大模型需要的GPU集群依赖液氦冷却的超导磁体制造环节，量子计算更直接依赖稀释制冷机维持毫开尔文温度。美国此举意味着氦气出口管制可能收紧，中国量子计算团队和海外AI实验室需要重新评估氦气储备策略。国内做低温系统替代（如GM制冷机、脉管制冷机）的厂商窗口期正在打开，值得关注中科富海、国盾量子等公司的技术进展。
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核心争论：美国贱卖战略氦储备后又列为关键矿产，被质疑存在利益输送与政策矛盾
Didn't they just sell like 80% of their reserve for pennies? Edit: Yes, https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/us-just-sold-heli... Sold at a discount, then it becomes critical so its value gets a premium. What a coinkydink.
They choose the timing of each of those events with total freedom and independently.
After squandering the national helium reserve for years, because "lol free markets" ideology. It's crazy that we put that stuff into balloons for fun (helium is pretty abundant in the universe, but the economically viable sources are fossil).